Disclaimer – Although I am fully aware of the fact that a blog is a space for personal opinions, I still wish to plant a disclaimer specifically for this post, given the fact that this is a pretty dicey one. THIS POST TRULY REPRESENTS MY VIEW ON RELIGION AND RITUALS, with a bit of research involved (for which due credit is given). Thanks!
Warning – Long post ahead.
Seema had a written a post some time ago, citing some of the relevance of some rituals followed in today’s world. I’ve been meaning to write about this for a long time. Actually, a very close to the heart topic this – religion, rituals and rules.
I always try to believe that every ritual we bash up today, as not wanting to follow, has a logically made beginning. Sometimes, even a scientifically backed up one. But sadly, the logic that was relevant then is simply redundant now. The sadder part is that logic existing or not, we still keep following those rituals, claiming as patrons of culture. What more, we wish to impose such rituals on others. Sigh.
I would wish to equate God and religion to the case of a pair of disjointed twins. Initially, when religion was born, it was deeply connected with God. But as years progressed and a man’s ego became more prominent than devotion, they slowly parted ways. Now, religion has very little to do with God. Very very little. Religion has done nothing except sowing the seeds for an even more deeper split among fellow human beings resulting in hatred and jealousy.
And the weed that has cropped up from such an untimely seed is the caste system. It had its own humble logical beginning. In a society where four kinds of work are to be done, dividing such work amongst all people is the wisest way of doing things. But, claiming superiority based on such work is insane. And that insanity is what has eventually resulted. Sigh. May be, I would have supported the caste system (a.k.a varna dharma) now, had nothing changed from the time it was put in place. But alas, every damn thing has changed and yet clinging on to the caste, as that heritable by birth, is such a farce.
One standard phrase I’ve heard from my paati and my MIL a lot of times, when we question the reason behind the doing of a ritual, is ‘This is how I was taught to do. We didn’t question our elders. You are also ideally not supposed to. But then, it is ultimately your call!’ Which eventually makes us feel as if, by questioning, we are actually doing a sin, inviting the wrath of God and the elders. It becomes even more difficult explaining to these elders the relevance (or the lack of it, thereof) simply because there will always be a religious connotation involving a God to the entire scheme of things. Sigh. Then, comes the biggest of all – judging a person’s character based on whether we execute/don’t execute such rituals. The lesser said about it, the better.
Me, being brought up and now married to, a TamBrahm home, I’ll try explaining the irrelevance of a certain customs that are followed here. First, from the basics.
Who is exactly a brahmin? I did a wiki-search on the word brahmin and boy, was I overwhelmed with the results. It was a sure astonishing revelation that a search for the word brahmin can bring out so many meanings with every state having their share of complications. Truly India is a diverse country. A few of the lines from the Wiki search caught my attention. A brahmin cannot take up any professional occupational duty for his livelihood. How else do I earn a living? Ah… Then, I get back to Wiki again to find out this – Three basic occupational duties of the Brahmanas are – Worship of the deity, study of the Vedas, and the giving of charity! In exchange, a brahmana should receive charity and this should be his means of livelihood.
Right. Now that the rules are in place, I believe none of the permutations and combinations would work there in my case. I am no brahmin. Not that I want to be one. If I am not a brahmin, then, the rest of the rituals that are required to be done the brahmin way need not be followed as well. Hence, my hypothesis proved. No? No! I can hear my paati and MIL screaming at the top of their voices. They say, in this kali-yugam, we should at least try to follow as much as we can to earn the necessary points to go to Kailasam/Vaikuntam/whatever. Now, these words, ‘as much as we can’ is subject to a lot of ifs and buts and interpretations. What is much for you may be little for me. Or the vice versa. And so, again, we come back to our favourite lines, ‘whatever works for you’. Nothing works for me. NOTHING!
I’ll begin with the Upanayanam. A natural followup to being a brahmin boy is the ceremony called ‘Upanayanam’ of which ‘Brahmopadesam’ is a part, by which the boy is instructed to wear a thread across his chest for the rest of the life. ‘Why are only men eligible for Upanayanam?’ was Seema’s question. This is what ‘Upanayanam’ is supposed to mean – Upa means ‘Chanter’ and Nayanam means ‘With exact actions’. So.. A person, from his Upanayanam is eligible to chant mantras, slokas and other religious lectures for the benefit of self, relatives and the society. Remember a brahmin has no other ways of earning money except charity. Well, after Upanayanam, a guy would ideally be given the right to chant mantras and religious lectures for the benefit of the society, which would in turn attract charity (a form of dakshina, we could say) to run his household. Why aren’t women allowed to chant mantras? Patriarchy. What else? What is the equivalent of this ceremony to woman? ‘A coming of age ceremony’. Because, in those days, while a man was deemed to be bread-winner of the family, the woman’s job was to procreate. Division of labour, you see.
So there, Upanayanam’s relevance busted. If I am not even a brahmin by my actions, how is Upanayanam relevant? If I am not even going to learn the Vedas, how does wearing or not wearing a thread matter? If I am the partner of a big audit firm, why would I have to go ‘Bhavathi Bhikshandehi’ to each home for morsels of rice? I don’t understand.
Here is the logic behind wearing the thread, per se. Although I agree to a lot of what the article says, I doubt if any of those people wearing the thread actually know the technique mentioned therein to avoid kidney disorders. Seriously. Also, why spend so much of money on that threading ceremony, when it is just a precaution to avoid diseases?
Lets now focus on the wedding. Most of the rituals in a Tam-Brahm wedding, if you can see, has stemmed from the fact that they have been programmed for child marriages.
The first of the ceremony in a TamBrahm marriage, ‘Vritham’ is done both by the groom and the bride separately, with their respective sets of parents. While for the bride, it is basically, to ward off evil spirits; for the groom, it is to add 3 more strands of thread to his already existing 3, to indicate a change in the ensuing relationship status. If Upanayanam is relevant, then, this ceremony is.
The next, ‘Nishchiyadhartham’, is akin to an engagement and yes, this is relevant. For a change.
The next is Kashi Yatra. I found this meaning from here pretty relevant - ‘Immediately after his student-life, the young bachelor has two alternatives before him – Married life (Gruhasta) or asceticism (Sanyas). Being by nature escapist, he prefers the ascetic life to the tribulations of married life. He therefore ‘makes his way’ to kasi (VARANASI), complete with slippers, umbrella, bamboo fan etc. On his way, the bride’s father intervenes and advises him of the superiority of married life to ascetic life. He also promises to give him his daughter as companion to face the challenge of life. The umbrella is to remain with groom, to remind him in the future, of this advice.’ Given the nature of the Sanyaasis we see in the news day in and day out, I am not sure if the bride’s parents would even prefer having these ritual any more.
Maalai Maatral - Personally, the favourite of all my rituals at a wedding, simply because it is fun. It is apparently ordained in the Vedas and Shastras that a garland worn by one should not be worn by another. Here that we are intentionally doing an exchange signifies the fact that we are no more two but one. Very filmy. And here, the groom and bride are ideally supposed to be perched on the respective mamas’ (parent’s brothers) shoulders while doing the exchanging ritual. The mamas being at the helm of things is supposed to signify sibling love. The fact that the bride and groom should sit on their mama’s shoulders provide enough proof that this was solely intended for child marriages. And this is one ritual where children would enjoy more. No? (See I told you this was my favourite ritual. I am still a child at heart!)
Oonjal - is supposed to mean swing, where the bride and groom are rocked on it, while an ‘abhaswaramic-kutcheri’ by the relatives goes on in the background. The rocking is to signify the ups and downs of life. Again, this would be more enjoyable if the participants were children.
Kanya dhaanam and Maanglya dhaaranam - denote that the girl has been ‘gifted’ to the groom henceforth. No more comments on this.
Ammi midhithal - Ammi equals rock. When you are made to step on the rock, you are asked to be strong as a rock in the ensuing life. Why only girl, I ask?
Arundhati paarthal - Apparently, Arundhathi has been a famous-devoted wife to Vasishtar and hence has won a place in the sky as a star. So, seeing Arundhati (mind you, in broad day light from within the mandapam) would make you as devoted and perfect a wife. Right.
According to me, it is in the same line of children-being-married-to-older-men thought has the term ‘Sumangali’ evolved. I’ll explain. Those were days when the bride was 8 years old, while the groom was close to 30. When, with the dearth of medical facilities, no one would know if the groom would’ve a past history of serious illness. When, marriage has been always a game of chance. When, the guy is the sole bread winner in the family. And hence, the poojas and prarthanas to be and die a sumangali. No husband = no money = no life. Question – Is the term ‘Sumangali’ relevant as of now? Yes.. If a term called ‘Sumangalan’ is.
Then, the widow torment. Why take off the pottu and the jewelry and flowers? This is for men. Yes.. You read it right. For men, not to think she is ‘available for marriage’ and develop feelings for her. Or misbehave with her. The logic is that women only look beautiful with flowers and pottu and silks and hence, men would not fall for women without all of these. Sigh. Did you know that I’ve witnessed ‘mottai paati-s’ as a child? Who are they? Widows, with their head shaven and wearing no ornaments, always clad in a saffron coloured saree. Yes.. This was a way of policing men not to think other wise of those widows. Right. We all know what’s the plight of such women, right? I doubt if we’ll ever realise that we are just making such women insecure by doing all this.
Not allowing them to participate in any ‘good’ ritual is just an extension of all this, is what I think. On a side note, CR had this brilliant post with some strong questions on the plight of widows. Do read that post for a practical perspective.
Now, that the bigger rituals are explained, I guess I have some smaller ones.
Fasting – RM and Seema have written quite a bit about fasting here and here. Of course, I have to add my two cents. Generally, in our TamBrahm households, fasting is observed on ‘Ekadesi’ days of every month. This is apparently to please Lord Vishnu. But the real scientific reason behind it is that on that day, every month, the tides and the general pressure level of the earth would facilitate fasting and easy digestion and hence the said day. It is ideally done to cleanse the system once a month. (Source - https://www.trsiyengar.com/id18.shtml) Also, on the next day, ‘Dwadesi’, food must be consumed pretty early, by 8-9 AM in the morning, breaking the fast, so that it gets digested well. The diet should contain ‘sundaikaai’, ‘avathi-keerai’ and ‘nelli-kai’, all these are healers of any ulcers the stomach would be prone to as a result of the previous days’ fast. There is nothing wrong in not fasting once in a while. No God would sue you in their court if the fast is missed. These citations of Gods are primarily to make us observe the fast. Just like how we I scare my kids with a ‘poochandi’ if they don’t eat, God is used here to make us observe the ritual. My belief is that, had the person who originated the ritual been alive today, he would have proposed a rule of ‘No junk food day’ every month to observe and keep our systems clutter free.
There is another system we have – to not cut nails beyond sunset. They say ‘dhardharam’ (a.k.a. ill luck) would enter the house if we do. The logic is this – those days, there were no lights available. There was always a possibility of cutting the flesh surrounding the nails if it was done beyond sunset. Hence the rule. You can decide if this is still relevant and if dhardharam will enter the house. (A similar logic holds good for not sweeping the house beyond sunset – lack of light to spot the trash!)
To not take bath as soon as we eat/drink to the brim. When my stomach is full and I move my body up and down to do the cleaning chores, there is always a digestive problem I can end up with. Ideally, this rule is what any normal sane human being can think of. But, when I drink a spoon of water and I am not allowed to enter into the bathroom, then all I can do is a face palm. We are following the rules, you see.
Another one – Not wearing new clothes while sleeping. They equate this to the dead body being clothed with new clothes before cremation. That is just a scare. The real reason is that when we wear new clothes when sleeping, there is always a possibility of the new-dye-on-the-dress getting stuck to the body. That is why, clothes must be washed before using them on a permanent basis.
Off hand, this is all I can think of. There must be a truck load of such stuff missing from here. Do let me know if you find any. A post or a comment would be of help.
P.S. – I realise I’ve already written a post on these lines some time ago - http://pangsofsenselessness.wordpress.com/2010/11/28/on-festivals-and-rituals/
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